Many of our beloved Christmas carols have interesting back stories, but “I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day”, written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, is especially significant to us as widows.
Wadsworth was born 1807 in Portland, Maine, and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. His language skills in English, French, Spanish, and Italian led to overseas travels in Europe and professorships in the United States. He was only married to his first wife, Mary, for four years when she suddenly died in 1835 from a miscarriage. Saddened by her death, he left for Europe and established a home in Germany.
When he returned to the United States a year later, he accepted a professorship at Harvard. He was a prolific writer and gifted translator of European literature. During this time, some of his published poems, like “The Wreck of the Hesperus” and “The Village Blacksmith”, attained great popularity; others, like his poems reflecting his travels in Europe, lacked admiration. In 1843, he married Fannie Elizabeth Appleton. Together they had six children, one of whom died as an infant.
During their 18 years of marriage, Longfellow wrote some of his most well-loved works: “The Song of Hiawatha” and “Evangeline.” In 1861, Fannie’s dress accidentally caught on fire while she sealed envelopes with hot wax. Longfellow tried to put out the flames, at first with a rug and then with his own body. She died a day later from her injuries, and Longfellow’s burns on his face and hands prevented him from attending her funeral. It was said that he grew his beard to cover the scars. Longfellow was so overcome with grief and depression at her death that he feared losing his mind. A year later he would write, “I can make no record of these days. Better leave them wrapped in silence. Perhaps some day God will give me peace.” So, Longfellow’s writing was only to friends and his journal during those dark days. On Christmas of 1861, he wrote in his journal, “How inexpressively sad are all holidays!”
Two years later, in the middle of the American Civil War, Charles, Longfellow’s oldest son (only 18 years old), left Massachusetts, without his father’s knowledge, to join the Union Army. Longfellow was a strong abolitionist and would later give permission for his son to become a soldier. On December 1, 1863 while eating dinner, Longfellow received word that Charles had been severely wounded and doctors suspected paralysis. Longfellow, along with his second son, rushed to Virginia to retrieve Charles to return him to Massachusetts for medical care.
On Christmas Day of 1864 while the war was still raging, Longfellow wrote “Christmas Bells,” which expressed the dissonance he felt between the joys of Christmas and the violence of war. The words are below. The poem was put to music by John Baptiste Calkin in 1872, and the title was changed to “I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day.” I hope you can take solace in these words.
I heard the bells on Christmas Day; Their old, familiar carols play,
And wild and sweet
The words repeat
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!
And thought how, as the day had come,
The belfries of all Christendom
Had rolled along
The unbroken song
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!
Till ringing, singing on its way,
The world revolved from night to day,
A voice, a chime,
A chant sublime
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!
Then from each black, accursed mouth
The cannon thundered in the South,
And with the sound
The carols drowned
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!
It was as if an earthquake rent
The hearth-stones of a continent,
And made forlorn
The households born
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!
And in despair I bowed my head;
“There is no peace on earth,” I said;
“For hate is strong,
And mocks the song
Of peace on earth, good-will to men!”
Then pealed the bells more loud and deep:
“God is not dead, nor doth He sleep;
The Wrong shall fail,
The Right prevail,
With peace on earth, good-will to men.”
The last two stanzas reflect my feelings during this Christmas season. In the midst of all of the turmoil in our world, I choose to remember that “God is not dead, nor does He sleep; the wrong shall fail, the right prevail.”
The above article was gleaned from information at Hymnology Archives, New England Historical Society, and articles written by various people.










